The Lady Eagles freshman, junior varsity and varsity teams and rival Spanish River High dedicated their matches to Boca Raton Regional Hospital’s Lynn Cancer Institute. Special guest was Jan Dymtrow, outreach coordinator for the hospital’s League of Ribbons. The Lady Eagles have an annual ‘Pink Out’ night to honor those who have fought breast cancer and those who have lost their battles. Before the varsity match, survivors walked across the court and received tokens of appreciation from the team. The event raised more than $2,000 from bake sales, dress-down coupons for students, concession sales and a raffle.
ABOVE: (l-r) Kara Silk, Alicia Metzger, Adriana Metzger, Tracy Murrison, Shea Salvato, Sherril Debonis, Bree Salvato, Melanie Ross, Sue Perez, Donna Pavek and Barbara Harbin. Photo provided

By Jane Smith

City commissioners selected Homestead City Manager George Gretsas to the same job in Delray Beach on Oct. 1 with the hope that he will bring much-needed stability to City Hall.
Gretsas, who will be Delray’s fourth new city manager in six years, will start Jan. 1 at a salary of $265,000, a 23% increase over his Homestead salary of $215,384.
He agreed to no salary increases for the first two years.
The vote was 3-2 with Commissioner Adam Frankel and Vice Mayor Shirley Johnson voting no.
Frankel called the contract “exorbitant,” and Johnson said Gretsas was demanding too much.
Gretsas, 51, has to give Homestead three months’ notice, Delray Beach Mayor Shelly Petrolia said. Homestead officials could not be reached for comment at press time.
Gretsas was passed over in September in favor of Tamarac City Manager Michael Cernech, but Cernech and Delray Beach could not agree on salary and benefits. He withdrew his application.
In Homestead, which was devastated by Hurricane Andrew in 1992, Gretsas in a 9-year tenure has overseen a $125 million downtown improvement plan that included a new City Hall, police headquarters and restoration of a 1921 performing arts theater.
When he was city manager of Fort Lauderdale for six years, Gretsas worked on rising seas issues, a priority in Delray Beach, and oversaw more than $110 million in projects, including five new fire stations.
He lost favor there, however, when his commission ordered him to play tough with the police union over pension issues. The chief quit his job to run for commission and won. Gretsas’ contract was not renewed for 2011.
While attending the Florida League of Cities annual meeting in Orlando in mid-August, Vice Mayor Johnson ran into Julio Guzman, a Homestead councilman, who asked which city she represented. When she said Delray Beach, Guzman said, “Oh, we’d hate to lose Gretsas. We love him.”
On Sept. 17, Commissioner Ryan Boylston made the motion to tap Gretsas and begin contract negotiations.
“It’s time for us to put the city first,” Boylston said.
That vote was 3-2, with Boylston, Petrolia and Johnson in favor and Frankel and Bill Bathurst voting no.
A week earlier, after Cernech walked away from the negotiating table with Petrolia and city attorney Lynn Gelin, Boylston said he wanted to interview two other, out-of-state candidates in the top five selected by the city’s recruiter.
But recruiter Robert Burg said they were no longer interested, and Boylston decided Gretsas was the one to bring “stability” to Delray Beach. “Gretsas has worked on big, complicated projects,” Boylston said. Delray Beach and Homestead have populations of about 70,000 residents, but Homestead’s population is younger with more than 40% below 18, while Delray Beach’s skews older with more than 24% at age 65 and above.
Like Delray Beach, Homestead has historic districts and properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Homestead’s crown jewel, the Seminole Theatre, was reopened in 2015 after remaining dark for four decades.
A citizen-approved bond issue, directed by Gretsas, paid for the restoration of the 1921 theater, which has become Homestead’s cultural hub.
After the vote to hire Gretsas, Boylston asked that only Gelin and recruiter Burg negotiate with him. Boylston did not want Petrolia in the negotiations this time around, after Cernech walked away when Petrolia said she could not support his demand for a $400,000 compensation package.
“I couldn’t support it. I have a fiscal responsibility to this town,” Petrolia said at a Sept. 10 special commission meeting.
Bathurst, Boylston and Frankel originally voted to hire Cernech. Petrolia’s first choice was Gretsas, but she changed her vote to Cernech when it became clear he had the support of a majority of commissioners.
Also at the Sept. 10 meeting, the contract for interim City Manager Neal de Jesus was formalized.
To avoid confusion, the mayor asked Gelin to read the new terms: De Jesus will receive a $244,000 annual salary that is retroactive to March 1, when he accepted the interim city manager position. When de Jesus returns to his fire chief role, he will receive 180 days’ written notice if the city manager wants to dismiss him and 20 weeks of severance. The severance terms will remain the same, but the length of notice was doubled. His salary as fire chief will be $174,345.
To quell social media critics, Gelin also determined that de Jesus will not have to complete his bachelor’s degree.
When he became the fire chief in March 2016 a college degree was required. Gelin said that de Jesus has the experience and background that can be substituted for the degree.
The vote was 3-2, with Bathurst, Boylston and Frankel voting yes and Johnson and Petrolia voting no.
Petrolia agreed with the salary boost, but did not want the commission to decide terms of the fire chief position — length of notice and education.
“Those terms should be decided by the new city manager,” she said.

The cultural season has returned with concerts, theatrical productions,
art exhibitions and other events that enrich each day. Be sure to see what’s on tap
in the ArtsPaper season preview:

Season Preview

Art | Books | Classical |  Dance | Film | Jazz | Opera | Pop | Theater

ABOVE: The Delray String Quartet opened the Music at St. Paul’s season Sept. 22 with its first of several shows at its new venue at the church. BELOW: Boca Raton painter Sue Gurland greets other artists during a Delray Beach Art League exhibit at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church the same day. Her painting, Black Panther Dreaming of Peace, is at left. Photos by Jerry Lower/The Coastal Star

Plastic is everywhere.
I walk the beach most mornings and pick it up all along the way. I pull bottle caps and fast-food cups out of my front hedge with some regularity. The amount of discarded plastic I see is overwhelming.
This summer on a family vacation we visited Connecticut and Rhode Island and found ourselves impressed with how many places have banned single-use plastics. I figured many people would be upset with not getting a plastic bag each time they made a purchase, or would complain about straws and eating utensils made from alternative products, but surprisingly everyone basically shrugged and said “you get used to it.” And we did. Never once was it a problem.
So when I got home, I thought I should begin supporting some of the local groups pushing to ban single-use plastics, but then I saw that the town of Palm Beach was forced to rescind its single-use plastic ban after learning an appellate court had upheld the Florida Legislature’s pre-emption against local bans of plastic bags and polystyrene containers.
Oh, Florida.
Sadly, I wasn’t surprised.
So, I decided to look closely at my own consumption of single-use plastics and polystyrene containers. I found we do pretty well at home, but lousy at the office.
All the take-out food containers we throw in the trash each week (way too many) are bad enough, but each month The Coastal Star is inserted in a single-use plastic slip in hopes of keeping it dry when it’s delivered.
So what can we do about the plastic wrapping our newspaper?
We know digital-only publishing is not profitable. We’d go out of business in a heartbeat if we were digital-only. Same thing with becoming subscriber-based rather than being a total market publication. We must make a profit or we won’t be able to continue providing quality, locally produced journalism.
So, how else could we deliver our print newspaper? We’re open to ideas.
Using the U.S. Postal Service is one option The Coastal Star is weighing. But that’s not a cheap or easy route. We are working out the numbers, but so far it appears this delivery method cuts too deeply into our bottom line.
Every business has its challenges adapting to a changing world, and maybe no business is facing more challenges than newspapers. But that just makes the job more interesting.
Some of the nation’s best and brightest business people live in our area, and many of them are readers who tell us how much they value local news. Plus, we believe everyone along the coast would like to see less single-use plastic tossed in their driveways.
We’re all in this together, so we’re hopeful you’ll let us know your suggestions on how we keep our company viable, but eliminate the plastic.
To make suggestions, email me at Editor@thecoastalstar.com or Publisher Jerry Lower at Publisher@thecoastalstar.com.

— Mary Kate Leming, Editor

Amy Kazma, honorary chairwoman of the Woman Volunteer of the Year luncheon, sits with her cockapoo Remy, 10, and mini Australian shepherd Spartacus, 6. Tim Stepien/The Coastal Star

By Margie Plunkett

Amy Kazma of Boca Raton recently became an empty nester, but she has plenty to keep her occupied.
For one, she has been named honorary chairwoman of this year’s Woman Volunteer of the Year luncheon, an annual event that celebrates women nominated by nonprofits throughout Palm Beach County.
The luncheon and fashion show, put on by the Junior League of Boca Raton, will be Nov. 8 at the Boca Raton Resort & Club.
Kazma, 55, has been a member of the Junior League for about 16 years, supporting the organization along with her husband, Mike. The luncheon “is such an incredible event for the community. … They recognize women who are doing volunteer work through various organizations. This year they have 38 women nominated, who are from 38 organizations in Palm Beach County.
“When they asked me, I was honored to say the least,” Kazma said.
Kazma’s responsibilities as honorary chairwoman include championing the event in the community, as well as hosting the nominee reception Oct. 10 at the resort’s Spa Garden. That event is attended by all the nominees plus past winners.
Kazma will know she has succeeded in her role “if everybody enjoys themselves and feels special,” she said.
Kazma and her husband are involved with a variety of other local organizations, including the Florence Fuller Child Development Centers, the Boca Raton Historical Society, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, the George Snow Scholarship Fund and Boca Helping Hands. The family also is part of the Kazma Family Foundation, a nonprofit that grants scholarships and supports education.
The Kazmas moved to Boca Raton 23 years ago. Mike is CEO of Amzak Capital Management. Amy credits him with being a big part of her ability to get involved in the community, by “supporting me and allowing me to make commitments to different organizations financially as I see fit. He doesn’t like the limelight — he likes to sit in the shadows. But he’s always supporting me,” she said.
Their two children, Jennifer, 20, and Nicholas, 18, now attend university, leaving the empty nesters home with their two dogs, Remy and Spartacus.
When Amy Kazma, who has a bachelor of science in communications and public relations from the University of Southern Indiana, first arrived here she didn’t know a soul, she recalls.
She felt fortunate to be a stay-at-home mom, but her husband traveled frequently. After having her second child, she decided she needed to find something for herself. That’s when she was introduced to the Junior League. She found it a good fit. While it has provided an outlet for her community spirit, it also has altered her personal life.
“Through all my volunteerism is where I’ve found my closest friends,” Kazma said. “When you volunteer, that’s where you find people who are like-minded, because they’re there for the same reasons you are.
“Volunteerism has been a huge part of my life, not just in the time I have spent there, but what it has brought to my life with the friendships and the satisfaction of being able to be involved with these organizations and help out in a small way,” she said.
When Kazma has spare time, she loves to go to the beach with her girlfriends. She and her husband enjoy boating, traveling and hiking when they spend time at their Colorado home. “And now that I’m an empty nester, I can do all those things,” she said.
What does Kazma most hope to achieve in her lifetime?
“I really would like to be looked upon as someone who was a nice individual who cared about my family and friends and the community — and was fortunate enough to be able to share my time, talent and treasure in that community with my friends and family.”

If You Go
What: Woman Volunteer of the Year luncheon, hosted by Junior League of Boca Raton
When: 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Nov. 8
Where: Boca Raton Resort & Club
Tickets: $150 for general seating
More info: www.jlbr.org/woman-volunteer-of-the-year-2

Related Story: Gulf Stream: Town wants to know price of putting in sewers

Part Two: Old septic systems are entrenched in towns but face claims they pollute | Ocean Ridge panel explores options for town-wide conversion to sewer system | State requires small treatment plants to get regular oversight

Part One: Cities rush to fix aging sewer systems | How sewage flows | Boca Raton's multi-year project targets older underground pipes | Editor's Note: Sewage disposal issues leave no time to waste

By Rich Pollack

Sea level rise isn’t just coming, it’s already here.
Sea levels in South Florida rose an average of 3 to 5 inches between 1992 and 2015, according to estimates from the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, and are expected to rise another 3 to 5 inches by 2030.
The impact can be seen on coastal streets that flood during high or king tides and on beaches where storms like Hurricane Dorian eroded the sand and pushed the ocean closer and closer to the dune line.
“Seasonal high tides are already higher than they’ve been in the past,” says Rebecca Harvey, Boynton Beach’s sustainability coordinator and the steering committee coordinator for the Coastal Resilience Partnership, which includes eight coastal south Palm Beach County communities.
What most of us won’t see is the impact sea level rise is having underground. There, aging centralized sewage treatment systems and older septic systems — some dating back to the 1960s — are interacting with rising groundwater.
For centralized sewage treatment systems, rising groundwater brought on by sea level rise will mean the potential for groundwater and stormwater to enter into pipes, forcing the systems to treat more water than planned. That could overwhelm the capacity of treatment plants and is likely to increase the cost of treatment, which would be passed on to users of the system.
“It costs more money to treat, which means everyone pays more,” said Colin Groff, Boynton Beach’s assistant city manager for public services.
Already municipalities are preparing for rising groundwater by lining pipes and enhancing lift stations to make them less susceptible to rising water levels.
Sea level rise and the interaction between septic systems and rising groundwater is even more problematic.
Simply put, sea level rise reduces the area of unsaturated soil between the bottom of a septic system’s drain field and the groundwater. That means there is less soil for the sewage effluent to percolate through. With reduced percolation, more nutrients — and more fecal coliform bacteria — can make their way into groundwater.
“During times of elevated groundwater levels, septic systems cannot function as designed,” concluded a report produced by Miami-Dade County and released in November. “Improperly functioning septic systems can pose an immediate public health risk. There are also many financial and environmental risks, including contamination of the freshwater aquifer, which is the community’s sole source of potable water.”
People who study climate change say municipalities can take steps to mitigate the problems. Although those steps vary greatly for centralized systems versus on-site treatment systems — septic tanks and package plants — they have a common denominator.
All cost money, and that might not always be easy to come by — in part because what’s underground is not always top of mind.
“If people aren’t seeing the impact, they may be less willing to pay for the infrastructure that’s necessary,” said Katie Hagemann, Miami-Dade County’s resilience program manager for adaptation and one of the contributors to the report.
Miami-Dade, perhaps ground zero for sea level rise in Florida if not the country, is focusing on reducing the number of parcels with septic systems — estimated at more than 105,000.

In preparation for sea level rise, municipalities can take a lift station such as this one and raise it more above ground, protecting the electrical panel inside the dark box from water damage. Photo provided

Sea level rise and centralized systems
With groundwater levels increasing as a result of sea level rise, municipalities in south Palm Beach County are taking steps to keep their systems operating efficiently.
Among the challenges facing centralized systems is the possibility of water from the outside entering into the pipes through ways known as inflow and infiltration.
Although pipes in utility systems are often already immersed, increased groundwater can put additional pressure on gravity lines and that can result in more water entering the system through cracks or ruptures, Groff said.
That infiltration could result in hundreds of thousands of gallons of water that doesn’t need to be treated entering the system every day. That would mean pumps having to operate more frequently to push water through sewage systems and centralized plants having to do unnecessary treatment that would stress their capacity.
“If you don’t deal with it at the source, it can create a domino effect,” says Chris Helfrich, director of utility services for Boca Raton.
To prevent intrusion, some local municipalities are lining older pipes with a thin epoxy-infused fabric that expands and hardens into a rigid liner.
Another issue facing centralized systems is the inflow of stormwater from the surface through manholes. As streets flood during heavy storms or king tides, water can seep into gravity lines through holes in manhole covers. Those holes are necessary in most cases to allow gases from the lines to escape.
In an effort to minimize inflow, some municipalities such as Boca Raton add a bowl-like device into the manhole to catch stormwater.
Local utility systems are also taking steps to prevent water from entering lift stations by raising the concrete tops and electrical panels higher above ground.
The cost to do both is minimal, Helfrich said.
Although it’s possible for rising groundwater to push pump stations up, buoyance issues aren’t common, Helfrich said, in part because water in the wet wells of the stations adds weight.

Sea level rise and on-site treatment systems
Sea level rise, at some point, likely will have an impact on how well many of the 50,000-plus septic systems in Palm Beach County work, especially those closest to the ocean.
“On the barrier island there could be a big problem with on-site systems, whether septic systems or package plants, because it doesn’t take much for them to be under water,” Groff said.
In conventional septic systems, effluent from tanks enters into a drain field and then percolates through soil where many of the nutrients, such as nitrogen, as well as fecal coliform bacteria, are removed naturally before the effluent reaches the groundwater.
Florida requires that the layer of unsaturated soil — the area between the bottom of the drain field and the top of the water table — be 24 inches deep. As groundwater rises, however, according to the Miami-Dade County report, that layer of soil may no longer meet the depth requirement in many parts of Miami-Dade.
The report best explains how rising sea levels will affect that process and cause septic systems to malfunction.
“Because much of the treatment of wastewater relies upon the unsaturated soil below the drain field, treatment and disposal are less effective as more of the soil becomes permanently saturated with rising groundwater resulting from sea level rise,” the report says. “A higher groundwater table reduces the volume of soil available to treat and dispose of the wastewater, which increases the likelihood of failure and contamination.”
One of the challenges with septic systems is that failure is not always easy to detect. Toilets will still flush and homeowners will be unaware that groundwater levels are too high to ensure effluent is effectively treated. In some cases, if groundwater levels are extremely high, residents may notice squishy wet spots on their lawns.
“If you can’t see it, chances are you don’t know it’s happening,” said state Rep. Mike Caruso, R-Delray Beach, whose district includes parts of coastal Palm Beach County.
Researchers who put together the Miami-Dade County report, which was sparked by a request from a county commissioner and is one of the few comprehensive reports examining sea level rise and septic systems, estimate that more than half of the septic systems in that county are periodically compromised during storms or wet years.
That number is expected to rise from 56% now to about 64% by 2040, according to the report.
While drinking water provided by public utilities is not threatened by failed or compromised septic systems because of the disinfectant process, well water can easily be contaminated.

Preparing for sea level rise
Throughout South Florida local governments are preparing their centralized systems for sea level rise. Most municipalities are using the latest technology to examine sewer pipes to make sure they haven’t been damaged by tree roots, corrosion or age.
In south Palm Beach County, municipalities formed the Coastal Resilience Partnership and received grants to help cover the cost of a comprehensive climate change vulnerability assessment. The eight area governments that have signed an agreement to pay for the cost of the study are Boca Raton, Highland Beach, Delray Beach, Ocean Ridge, Boynton Beach, Lantana, Lake Worth Beach and Palm Beach County.
While most communities are being proactive, they still face challenges — one of the biggest being the expense of preparing for an event with a timeline that is difficult to identify.
“There’s a need to work before we see the impacts and we’re not able to predict how soon those impacts will come,” Hagemann said.
In fact, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact — a collaboration including representatives from Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties — is in the process of updating projections on how soon seas will reach certain levels.
One factor to consider in doing those calculations could be the increasing prevalence of strong tropical systems approaching the coast.
A recent study conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration concludes that sea level rise combined with tropical storms could create even greater problems for septic and sewer systems because the two together will push more water into coastal areas than either one would individually.
In Miami-Dade, conversion from septic to centralized sewer is perhaps the most viable option, and the county is looking at how to pay for it and where to begin.
In Ocean Ridge, where residents depend on septic systems and package plants, a Septic to Sewer Citizens Advisory Committee is looking at the feasibility of converting to a centralized system.
“It is obvious that action must be taken to protect our environment and quality of life in Ocean Ridge, but what action?” asked Vice Mayor Don MaGruder, who has been attending meetings of the coastal resiliency partnership.
In Gulf Stream, town leaders are asking their engineering consultant to look into the feasibility of septic-to-sewer conversion.
Caruso, who earlier this year sponsored an unsuccessful bill calling for periodic inspection of septic tanks, says the time for action is now.
“We need to rethink our infrastructure and make accommodations for sea level rise,” he said. “It’s expensive — but we can’t ignore it.”

More on sea level rise
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has an interactive website that lets you find a specific location and then allows you to see models of potential sea level rise.
https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/slr.html

By Steve Plunkett

Following the lead of Ocean Ridge, Gulf Stream will ask its engineering consultants to estimate what it would cost to build a municipal sewer system.
Mayor Scott Morgan told town commissioners Sept. 13 that he had spoken with Ocean Ridge officials after state Rep. Mike Caruso, R-Delray Beach, in August warned Gulf Stream to expect a mandate from the state for septic-to-sewer transition in the future.
“This will be very expensive — I think the person in Ocean Ridge used the word ‘disastrously’ expensive,” Morgan said.
Gulf Stream evaluated its septic system “some 20 years ago,” the mayor said. “I think that it would be prudent for us … to engage our engineering firm, Baxter and Woodman, to bring that report from the ’90s up to speed, evaluate what it would take to transition the entire town over to sewer.”
Commissioner Joan Orthwein said the previous estimate was “astronomical.”
“I don’t know how the state can mandate to put that kind of financial burden on the individual. I just don’t see that,” Orthwein said.
Caruso “is willing to help us and other local towns within his district approach the state for funding to assist that transition,” Morgan said. “He stressed that there is a push in Tallahassee to advance this issue faster than most of us thought was what it would be.”
Ocean Ridge has paid its engineering firm to determine the scope of work and estimated price and a financial adviser to recommend ways to finance such a project, Morgan said. “That number could be very high,” he said.
About a third of the homes in Gulf Stream’s Core area connect to a private sewer system.
“The engineering firm should consider whether that sewer will continue as is or whether it would be brought into a new, modern, municipal-grade sewer that we would take responsibility for or whether it would be left in the condition it currently is and taken over by the town,” Morgan said.
New homes and those undergoing extensive renovations are required to connect to the private sewer system if they are close to it.
“And it’s really not designed as a municipal sewer. It wasn’t built that way,” Morgan said.
Town Manager Greg Dunham will attend an Oct. 7 septic-to-sewer workshop in Jacksonville hosted by the state Department of Environmental Regulation, as will Town Manager Tracey Stevens of Ocean Ridge.
“Because we know that it is going to be such a large, long-term, very expensive project, we’ve put together a citizens advisory board to help the staff do some of the heavy lifting,” said Ocean Ridge Commissioner Kristine de Haseth, who monitors Gulf Stream meetings as executive director of the Florida Coalition for Preservation.
Multifamily residences on State Road A1A north of Sea Road, which Gulf Stream annexed in 2011, have sewer service from Boynton Beach.
Orthwein said a conversion would hit hardest on the south end of town, which does not have either a private system or connections to Boynton Beach.
“So really you’re talking where the golf club goes down to George Bush [Boulevard],” she said.

By Jane Smith

City Commissioners gave downtown restaurant owners who offer valet parking a six-month reprieve on Oct. 1, allowing the valet stands to remain on Atlantic Avenue.
They want to see the traffic flow improve on Atlantic Avenue between Swinton Avenue and Federal Highway.
Todd Herbst, whose Big Time Restaurant Group just opened Elisabetta’s Ristorante, said, “Without the valets, we would never make it.”
Sophia Theodore, who owns Taverna Opa with her husband, said her restaurant needs the valet in front as “a convenience factor. Moving it will hurt my business a lot.”
Staff had recommended moving valet stands off Atlantic Avenue, west of the Intracoastal Waterway, to allow public safety vehicles to get into the downtown, ease congestion, improve the pedestrian experience and allow cafe patrons to enjoy their meals.
Deputy Vice Mayor Bill Bathurst said, “We want to be a safe town, but we also are a hospitality town. We need to carefully consider anything that breaks the system.”
Commissioners asked staff to come up with a list to improve traffic flow. Those items would include finding a side-street location for drop-offs and pick-ups of shared-ride services and the free ride service the city recently started. Also, the commission wants to stop valets from allowing drivers of upscale cars to park all night in a valet space. Restaurants will pay the city $168 per month for each space, up from $165. Valets must make the operation open to all, although each restaurant can offer discounts or free parking. The maximum valets can charge is $10 for four hours west of the Intracoastal and two hours east of the waterway. Caffe Luna Rosa, east of the Intracoastal Waterway, will be able to keep its seven spaces on the barrier island.

The county bookmobile has a scrapbook that shows the first bookmobile in America, in 1905. Tim Stepien/The Coastal Star

By Ron Hayes

If you ever visit a bookmobile, spare a moment to remember the woman who first inspired them. Her name was Mary Lemist Titcomb, and in 1905 she was the head librarian at the Washington County Free Library in Hagerstown, Maryland.
“Would not a library wagon, the outward and visible signs of the service for which the library stood, do much more in cementing friendship?” Titcomb once said. “No better method has ever been devised for reaching the dweller in the country. The book goes to the man, not waiting for the man to come to the book.”
At her urging, the library’s trustees got Andrew Carnegie to give them $2,500, and America’s first “library wagon” hit the road.
Its 2,560 books were drawn by a horse and driven by Joshua Thomas, the library’s janitor.
Alas, in 1910 a freight train struck the wagon. Both janitor and horse were unharmed, but the wagon was destroyed and the book service was out of commission for a year, until the board’s treasurer donated another $2,500 for a replacement.
The Hagerstown library’s new library wagon was an International Harvester truck, and the age of the motorized bookmobile had arrived.
Titcomb died in 1932 at the age of 80 and is buried at the famed Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts, not far from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau, whose books she no doubt made available to rural readers.

Mike Cavanaugh enters the bookmobile in South Palm Beach, where it stops on Fridays. Tim Stepien/The Coastal Star

Related Story: First mobile library was horse-drawn

By Ron Hayes

On April 15, 1969, the Palm Beach County Commission met to buy a bookmobile.
If the commission approved the contract, this bookmobile would be built by the Gerstenslager Co. of Wooster, Ohio, would arrive within 90 days and would cost the taxpayers $30,500.90.
Four of the five commissioners were on board. Commissioner Robert F. Culpepper of Jupiter wasn’t.
“I’m not voting against the bookmobile,” he announced. “I’m voting against the expensive bookmobile.”
“There’s no such thing as an inexpensive bookmobile,” Commissioner E.W. Weaver told him after the vote.
“Well,” Culpepper said, “I just hope it will be used.”
The Palm Beach County Library System’s first bookmobile hit the road 50 years ago this month, in October 1969. Commissioner Culpepper could visit the South Palm Beach Town Hall any Friday morning to see how much it’s being used today.
The bookmobile stops at 40 locations throughout Palm Beach County, and little South Palm Beach is one of only two stops that’s so busy it visits every week instead of twice a month. The other is Palm Beach Shores.
From October 2018 to July 2019, bookmobile visitors checked out 50,000 items at those 40 stops. But the South Palm Beach stop alone accounted for just over 5,000 items checked out, or 10 percent of the bookmobile’s total circulation during that 10-month period.
“It’s still our busiest stop,” says Ron Glass, the county’s outreach librarian.
South Palm Beach and the bookmobile are such good friends that on Feb. 8 Town Clerk Yude Alvarez organized a small celebration at Town Hall to mark the 50th anniversary.
Tables were set up in the fire bay, and the bookmobile’s staff and local book lovers enjoyed iced tea and juices, cookies, cupcakes, muffins and scones as music played.
Drop by in January and the narrow space between the shelves can get so packed with book lovers browsing and condo neighbors chatting, you might have a wait to get in.
Drop by on a Friday morning in August, and the crowd is smaller, but no less enthusiastic.
“Without this mobile library, we wouldn’t be here,” says Daniel Colangelo, waiting to check out All The Way, Joe Namath’s latest football memoir. “We appreciate it so much. And the staff! They’re all great.”

ABOVE: Palm Beach resident Gladys Jacobson looks through the movie selection as Michael Barto, the bookmobile driver of 26 years, helps South Palm Beach’s Mike Cavanaugh check out books. Tim Stepien/The Coastal Star
BELOW: The original 1969 Palm Beach County bookmobile.

The bookmobile arrives at the Town Hall each week bearing about 2,000 items — 1,500 books and another 500 DVDs and music or talking-book CDs. The bookmobile even carries a birding kit available for checkout. That’s a backpack, adult binoculars, children’s binoculars, lens cleaner and a laminated pamphlet for identifying species.
But to regular users, the bookmobile’s most valuable asset is the staff.
Library Associate Jennifer Busch has been with the library for 19 years. Michael Barto has driven the bookmobile for 26. Twelve years ago, he learned American Sign Language to serve deaf patrons. And mechanic/multilinguist Francisco Navarro is along in case the great book beast breaks down and to assist Spanish speakers.
Kristen Farley of South Palm Beach brings her three kids.
“I always brag that I’ve never chosen a book for myself,” she says. “They know what I like, and they choose for the kids, too.”
It’s common praise.
“If they see something they think I’d like, they set it aside for me,” says Gladys Jacobson of Palm Beach. “I’m absolutely amazed at how they can select books for readers.”

Small towns were concern
The bookmobile’s arrival at those 40 stops throughout the county comes at the end of a long road that began with a book lover who saw a problem she wanted fixed.
Her name was Ingrid A. Eckler, a member of the West Palm Beach League of Women Voters, and she was concerned about all those residents who weren’t being reached by the independent municipal libraries in the county’s larger cities. In 1964, Eckler and her fellow Women Voters started agitating the County Commission to create a countywide library service, and in April 1967, the state Legislature created a special taxing district and the county library system was born.
The first branch library opened in Tequesta in September 1969.
In October 1969, that $30,500.90 bookmobile made its first stops at Canal Point and South Bay on Lake Okeechobee, Lake Worth Road by Florida’s Turnpike and the city of Atlantis.
The South Palm Beach stop arrived in 1982. In 2013, the bookmobile added a stop in Ocean Ridge, but it didn’t attract many borrowers.
“It lasted one year,” Ron Glass says, “then we went right down the street to Briny Breezes, and it does real well, especially in season.”
But it’s no match for South Palm Beach.
“The bookmobile is No. 1!”
Inalee Foldes is hugging a new biography of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts. She’s already read the lives of justices John Paul Stevens and Sandra Day O’Connor. “Mike knows what I like,” she explains, referring to Barto. “This is the first place you come after you’ve been away.”
Today’s bookmobile is not the same one the County Commission bought in April 1969. That one was retired in 1977.
This current model is the sixth bookmobile to serve the county in the five decades since, and it didn’t cost $30,500.90.
Its price tag: $245,000.
But it didn’t cost taxpayers anything.
Look closely at the rear of the bookmobile on the driver’s side and you’ll find, beneath the brightly painted books and lettering, a small rendering of a black fireman’s helmet bearing the message, “FDNY 343.”
“An anonymous donor paid for this bookmobile,” Jennifer Busch says. “We don’t know who it was, but he or she requested only that it feature a fireman’s helmet somewhere on the outside and the number 343, the number of firefighters who died in New York on 9/11.”
Ingrid A. Eckler, first president of the Friends of the Library and a member of its advisory board for 21 years, died in 1998 at age 85.
Culpepper, the only county commissioner to vote against spending $30,500.90 for that first bookmobile, is alive and well at 87, still living in Jupiter, and still happy to chat.
“That $30,000 was a lot of money back then,” he says. “As I said, I didn’t vote against the bookmobile. I voted against the price. But coming from Jupiter, we had no library branch then and the only service we had was the bookmobile, so I was always a strong supporter.”
Then he got on his computer and found an inflation calculator.
“You know,” he said. “That $30,000 in 1969 would be the equivalent of $210,000 today. So if the county were going to pay $245,000 for the new one, that’s $35,000 more.”
The former county commissioner from Jupiter thought a moment and laughed.
“I might vote against it again.”

About the bookmobile
The Palm Beach County Bookmobile stops at the South Palm Beach Town Hall every Friday from 10:30 to noon.
In Briny Breezes, it stops on alternate Fridays from 1:30-2:30 p.m. The upcoming dates are Oct. 11 and 25.
You can request up to four items a week by calling 649-5476. If the staff is unavailable, leave a message and your call will be returned.
Library cards are also available on the bookmobile.
For more information, visit www.pbclibrary.org.

By Jane Smith

One of the private partners in Boynton Beach’s $250 million Town Square project has requested some changes to meet financing concerns.
Developer John Markey told city commissioners on Sept. 5 that he plans for the private portion of Town Square to begin with construction of a five-story apartment building and a six-story parking garage on Southeast First Avenue.
His firm, JKM Developers, wants to change the private portion of the Town Square site plan to reduce the number of units in the south apartment building by 65 to 196 units.
“We redesigned those units to be larger and be more of luxury-type units,” Markey told commissioners.
The firm wants to add the 65 units to the 104 planned in the six-story apartment building on Ocean Avenue in the center of the project. JKM also wants to lift the 55-plus age restriction on that apartment building to take all qualified renters. The height of the two apartment buildings will remain the same.
The changes are minor and can be approved by staff, said Colin Groff, assistant city manager in charge of Town Square. Groff brought the changes to commissioners to keep them aware of what’s happening in the 15-acre project with E2L Real Estate Solutions.
The area is bordered by Boynton Beach Boulevard on the north and Southeast Second Avenue on the south.
Boynton Beach leaders hope the Town Square development creates a downtown with a mix of municipal buildings, a cultural center with a banquet hall, a museum, apartment buildings, a hotel and parks. The city’s estimated share is $118 million.
Ocean Avenue roadwork will be done in time for the historic high school to reopen as the cultural center in early November, Groff told the commission.
Markey predicted construction of the south apartment building and nearby garage would start in the fourth quarter of 2019.
“City National Bank has already committed to financing the parcels, but we want to see if we can get better terms,” he said. That financing effort will take four to six weeks.
The garage will be finished by June, Markey said, much quicker than the apartment building because of the precast construction method used for the garage. It will be ready when the City Center opens.
The latest plan has staff members moving into the City Center during the first week of May, Groff said. No commissioner asked where staff would park if the south garage is not finished in time. 
Vice Mayor Justin Katz pressed Markey for deadline times, asking when the central apartment building construction would start.
Not until the first or second quarter of 2021, Markey said. “We’re pushing the market here in Boynton Beach,” he said. “We can do that because we believe in the community. The problem lies in getting the financial world to believe that.”
Markey said his firm needs to finish the south apartment building and start leasing it before a lender would agree to finance the second apartment building on Ocean. “That’s the way the finance world works,” he said.
His company has not projected a start time for the north apartment building on Boynton Beach Boulevard, with retail on the ground floor and a nearby garage.
“We are trying to find a way to escalate the [north] garage because the hotel needs it,” Markey said. “We are working with staff to figure out a way to finance the garage.”
While saying he’s not the hotel developer, he knows that company wants to hit the market. The hotel’s developer is E2L Holdings, another partner in the project.
Katz asked about what else the city could do now to avoid future speed bumps that could slow the pace of Town Square.
“The biggest speed bump I see is the market demand for what we propose. I’m a believer. I’m here with an awful lot of money invested in the community and its future,” Markey said.
He also is concerned about rising construction costs.
“Beyond that, I worry about major things. Is there a madman in the White House who drops a bomb on Iran? I don’t say that to be political, but I say that because we’ve seen people fly airplanes into towers and the [economic] result,” Markey said.
Katz and Commissioner Christina Romelus thanked him for the presentation.
“I sit on the Discover the Palm Beaches [tourism] board. Its staff is singing our praises for doing the private-public partnership,” Romelus said.
Mayor Steven Grant said the commission needs to have a branding discussion for Town Square.
“We’re not a town and it’s not a square,” he said.

By Dan Moffett

Manalapan officials were just about ready to break into a round of high-fives in August when it appeared the Florida Department of Transportation was finally approving a flashing warning sign for the troublesome S-curve on the 1500 block of State Road A1A, a little more than a mile south of Town Hall.
But not so fast. Remember, the FDOT approval process is always a long and winding road.
Days after state officials indicated they were satisfied, they abruptly changed course and said more research is needed.
“There was a report done, and we were told it was going to move forward and move up the chain at FDOT,” Town Manager Linda Stumpf said last month. “Then we were told, ‘Oops. Oops. No, we’re going to do another study.’’’
For more than a decade, Manalapan has been trying to persuade the state to address the high accident rate at the Chillingworth Curve, sometimes known as the Bentley Curve for the luxury vehicles that have met their demise there.
Former Police Chief Clay Walker petitioned the FDOT for help in 2009. Current Police Chief Carmen Mattox has been working with the agency for most of the past year.
State officials last month told Mattox they want to collect more speed data before moving forward. They also said they were concerned that the flashing lights might annoy residents at the curve.
Studies already completed show at least 17 crashes have occurred there since 2012, most of them at night.
Stumpf said the town is committed to working with the state to find ways to cut the accident rate at the curve.
“We’ll keep pushing,” she said. “This is a safety issue. We’re not happy it’s been halted.”
In other business, the Town Commission gave final approval to an ordinance that updates the building rules for the Plaza del Mar area, Manalapan’s only commercial zone.
With the new ordinance, the commission lifts the construction moratorium that has been in place since last year.
At least one business owner has been waiting for the moratorium to end. Sandra Foschi plans to move forward with renovations to the former BB&T building at the northeast corner of the plaza.
Foschi hopes to turn the property, which she bought in April for $1.6 million, into a health and wellness center that offers sports medicine, yoga and nutritional support.

By Dan Moffett

The South Palm Beach Town Council has rewarded Town Manager Robert Kellogg with a one-year contract that lifts the interim status he has worked under since taking the job in December.
“I think that with services the town have received from this town manager and the monies that were spent, we have a tremendous bargain right now,” Councilman Mark Weissman said in endorsing Kellogg’s new contract.
The vote was 4-1 on Sept. 24, with Councilwoman Stella Gaddy Jordan dissenting. Jordan argued that the manager’s position should be a part-time job and that the agreement with Kellogg should be extended only until January, then reevaluated.
“I do not think for a town this size that a full-time manager is needed,” she said.
Councilman Bill LeRoy disagreed.
“Mr. Kellogg is an asset to us,” he said. “To cut the position back to part-time — it’s absurd.”
Weissman said Kellogg had proved his value to the town over the last nine months and demonstrated why a full-time manager is essential. “The town does not operate on a part-time basis,” he said. “This is not a part-time position.”
Kellogg, in making his case for a new contract to the council, cited three ways he has saved taxpayers money:
• Moving town reserves into investment funds that pay a significantly higher rate of return and are likely to bring in $100,000 more annually.
• Changing the vendor for internet technology services to a company that has improved performance, with a savings of about $26,000 a year.
• Managing the hiring and a tight budget of the Police Department before the takeover by the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office. He said that could save $70,000.
“I know there has been discussion about reducing this position to part-time,” Kellogg told the council. “But I do not know any community that has a $2.5 million operation and $4.5 million in the bank that has a part-time employee.”
Mayor Bonnie Fischer sided with Kellogg and commended him for his work on the beach stabilization and restoration efforts. Fischer said a one-year contract, with a one-year renewal option, is the right compromise between part-time and the longer term agreement Kellogg preferred.
Vice Mayor Robert Gottlieb agreed. “I believe in compromise,” Gottlieb said, “and a one-year contract is good compromise.”
Town Attorney Glen Torcivia said he would negotiate terms of the agreement with Kellogg, who is expected to earn about $104,000 a year. Before coming to South Palm Beach, Kellogg, 66, worked as town manager in Hillsboro Beach and Sewall’s Point.
He is the fourth manager South Palm Beach has had in the last five years.

By Dan Moffett

Ocean Ridge commissioners are poised to take a second look at a charter amendment referendum proposal that would require a four-vote supermajority to change the town’s density or height requirements for new construction projects.
The measure came before the commission in November and was rejected with a 3-2 vote.
Supporters say the change is needed to rein in the influence of aggressive developers.
Opponents believe the supermajority requirement would allow a two-commissioner minority to obstruct the will of the majority, shifting the balance of power the wrong way.
During the Sept. 9 town meeting, Vice Mayor Don MaGruder said he wanted to bring the issue up for discussion again at the commission’s Oct. 7 meeting, which would enable the proposal to go to the voters in the next municipal election.
MaGruder said he’s heard “over and over again” from residents who worry that if the town converts from septic tanks to a municipal sewer system, it could open the door to unbridled development and redevelopment. The issue is under preliminary study.
“I think we need to bring this back for a first reading in October,” he said. “Then in November we can have a second reading, then we can put it as a referendum in March.”
What’s different this time around is the makeup of the commission.
In November, then-Mayor Jim Bonfiglio, Commissioner Steve Coz and Commissioner Phil Besler joined to vote down the proposal. MaGruder and Commissioner Kristine de Haseth were on the losing side.
Bonfiglio has since left the commission, and Commissioner Susan Hurlburt now holds his seat. Whether the charter amendment moves forward appears to come down to which side Hurlburt takes.
During her campaign last spring, Hurlburt seemed to oppose the amendment. The commission has to be “ahead of the game,” she said, “and you don’t need a supermajority to do that.”
Hurlburt, in an email to The Coastal Star after the Sept. 9 meeting, said she is still studying the matter: “I have not made up my mind … gathering info/input and expect to hear quite a bit more about the question before and during the next Commission meeting.”
Besler said he believes the supermajority issue should be kicked back to the town’s charter review committee, which originally recommended the idea last year. He said he is concerned about unintended consequences.
“Why are you bringing this up?” Besler asked. “Because you’re worried about sewers or because you want a second bite of the apple with a new commissioner?”
He said a conversion from septic to sewer would take years, so the commission has ample time to examine the supermajority proposal fully.
“Basically, I agree with everything you want to accomplish,” he said. “But I’m afraid that you’re not going to accomplish what you want to accomplish.”
Coz was absent for the September meeting. De Haseth said she’s “in full support” of bringing the proposal back and then letting voters decide.
In other business: With a 3-1 vote, commissioners approved setting the tentative millage cap for the 2019-2020 budget at $5.35 per $1,000 of taxable property value.
De Haseth voted no, arguing the commission should set the rate slightly higher and take less from reserves to narrow the budget deficit.
Town Manager Tracey Stevens said it might take as much as $296,367 from reserves to balance the budget. The town has a long list of stormwater and drainage repairs to make, and it had to increase the salaries of employees after a survey showed Ocean Ridge had fallen behind pay scales in neighboring communities.
The deficit shrank by $180,000 when the town’s Police Department won the contract to provide law enforcement services to Briny Breezes.

Sheriff Ric Bradshaw administers the oath of office to former South Palm Beach police officers at Town Hall on Oct. 1. The former South Palm officers are now deputies in District 19 of the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office following the town’s decision to no longer maintain its own public safety department in favor of a 10-year contract for service with PBSO. More than 100 residents, family members and sheriff’s deputies and brass were present for the event, which was followed by a catered dinner. ABOVE: Sheriff Bradshaw (left front) with (l-r) new PBSO Deputies LaForte, Alexandre, Ciraolo, Hull, Farrish and Ladda and new Sgt. Mark Garrison (far right). Jerry Lower/The Coastal Star.

By Dan Moffett

Not everyone in the South Palm Beach Police Department made the transition to the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office this month.
On Aug. 30, South Palm patrol Officer Jose Miguel Fernandez resigned from the department, facing misdemeanor charges of stalking and installing a GPS tracking device that were brought by the sheriff’s deputies he had hoped to join. The town suspended Fernandez shortly after he was booked and posted a $500 bond at Palm Beach County Jail on Aug. 28. Fernandez is contesting the charges against him, and court records show he has a hearing scheduled for Nov. 1.
“The South Palm Beach Police Department holds its employees to a high standard and this is a complete breach of trust to the residents of South Palm Beach,” said outgoing Police Chief Mark Garrison, who became a sergeant with the Sheriff’s Office when the sheriff took over his department on Oct. 1.
The charges against Fernandez grew out of a complaint Garrison received in July from a resident who said he found a GPS device on his wife’s vehicle. The husband told police his wife had a yearlong affair with Fernandez. He said the affair had ended and his wife believed the officer since then was using the device to follow her.
Garrison turned the investigation over to the Sheriff’s Office. According to a sheriff’s report, deputies traced the GPS tracker to Fernandez and interviewed him at his home on Aug. 16.
Fernandez told the deputies, the report said, that he had purchased the device and admitted putting it on the woman’s vehicle. He told investigators he did it because he was concerned about retribution from the woman’s husband. He denied stalking the woman.
South Palm Beach hired Fernandez, 50, in November 2016. Before coming to the town he worked three years as a patrol officer next door in Manalapan. Before that he spent 21 years with the New York City Police Department, according to his employment application with the town, retiring with the rank of lieutenant.
Fernandez, who is originally from the borough of Queens, said on his application he completed three years of criminal justice study at Empire State University.

By Mary Hladky

The next phase of Interstate 95 construction in south Palm Beach County will begin early next year, with the work covering the span from just south of Glades Road to south of Linton Boulevard.
The $148 million project includes the addition of two northbound and two southbound express lanes, and the complete redesign of the Glades Road interchange.
The Florida Department of Transportation is planning a “construction open house” to provide more information to the public in January at Boca Raton’s Spanish River Library, Andi Pacini, a spokeswoman for the project, told Boca Raton City Council members on Sept. 23. A firm date is not yet set.
The roadwork will take more than three years, with completion expected in 2023.
After the express lanes are added, I-95 will have four regular northbound and southbound lanes. Drivers will be able to use the express lanes for travel all the way south to Miami and north to Linton Boulevard.
Motorists will use SunPass to pay express lane tolls, which will vary depending on the time of day and congestion.
A date for construction to begin on the Glades Road interchange has not yet been set.
The contractor for the work, Prince Contracting, will use a new “diverging diamond” design for the interchange. The design already has been used for an interchange in Sarasota and two interchanges in Miami-Dade County.
Drivers should have no problem navigating the new design, officials told council members.
The portion of the interchange that runs east and west over I-95 will include a bicycle lane and a 10-foot-wide pedestrian walkway.
The project will begin as work wraps up on the stretch of I-95 running from just south of Glades Road to south of Southwest 10th Street in Deerfield Beach.

Sea turtle eggs were uncovered by rough seas that followed Hurricane Dorian and other tropical systems this fall. Photo provided by Gumbo Limbo Nature Center

By Rich Pollack

Despite the impacts of Hurricane Dorian and more recent high tides and rough seas, the number of sea turtle nests in south Palm Beach County has already reached record levels.
That’s not to say that nests weren’t lost and turtle eggs weren’t strewn on beaches following the near-miss of Dorian, but the number of nests destroyed was small, experts say, in large part because the rough seas and high tides came late in the nesting season.
“It was not a big issue compared to what it could have been,” said David Anderson, sea turtle conservation coordinator at the Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, which monitors nests in Boca Raton. “By the time Dorian came along, most nests had hatched.”
By Gumbo Limbo’s count, Dorian washed out about 131 of the 446 nests that were on the beach prior to the storm’s impact. Of the nests lost, about 85 were viable with eggs still incubating, while the remaining 46 were believed to be old nests that already hatched.
As was the case with other locations, the majority of nests lost in Boca were mid-beach nests, which are more susceptible to flooding than those farther up the beach and closer to the dune line.
That meant that green sea turtle nests, found closer to the dune or actually in the dune, fared better than loggerhead nests, Anderson said.
In Highland Beach, those who monitor turtle activity say about 15% of the nests on the beach before Dorian were lost. That equates to about 200 nests destroyed.
Overall, Highland Beach monitors recorded about 1,325 nests this season, slightly fewer than Boca’s record 1,375 nests.
“There have been several nests that have successfully hatched since Dorian, and they will continue to hatch into the month of November,” said Barbara James, the marine turtle permit holder for Highland Beach.
Farther up the beach, in Gulf Stream, Briny Breezes and parts of Ocean Ridge, residents and visitors noticed lots of turtle eggs on the beach after Dorian.
Jackie Kingston, president of the nonprofit Sea Turtle Adventures, which monitors turtle activity in that area, estimated that 227 nests remained prior to Dorian and 159 of those were lost.
“It’s still a banner year for us,” Kingston said.
James, Anderson and Kingston say that it is not unusual for storms and high water to affect nests.
“These kinds of events are very normal,” Kingston said. “The turtles have adapted their nesting strategy for events like this.”
The strategy, James said, is to return to the beach and lay eggs several times in a season.
“Individual sea turtles do not restrict their nesting to only one season,” she said. “They may nest between three and seven times — spaced often by 10 to 14 days. This was programmed by Mother Nature to assure that at least several nests will most likely incubate successfully.”
The timing of the storm last month was also good news for least terns, a small migratory bird that nests on beaches.
By the time Dorian arrived, Anderson said, the terns on Boca Raton’s beach had finished nesting and the majority of the birds, currently a threatened species in Florida, were gone.
Anderson said a colony of least terns on Boca Raton’s beach had a record number of nests this year — as many as 40 or 50 — and a record number of chicks.
“This was extremely rare,” he said.

Gathering supplies

After Debora Whipple sent an email to her Ocean Ridge neighbors, saying she would collect donations for Hurricane Dorian victims in the Bahamas, the neighborhood stepped up, filling her garage with boxes holding everything from food to medical supplies. Patrol officers from the Ocean Ridge Police Department stopped by to check on progress and offered to assist, and when the Inlet Cay group learned that Nomad Surf Shop in the County Pocket had arranged for boats to deliver supplies to the islands, they joined forces to load a truck that took the donations to boats. The donations included more than 100 dolls for children. ABOVE LEFT: Inlet Cay resident Nancy Dunn carries one of five loads of donations she made to the relief effort. ABOVE RIGHT: Surf shop employees Evan Kuylenstierna and Dylan Armstrong hold dolls among supplies loaded outside the shop. Photos provided

Firefighters to the rescue

Boca Raton Fire Department Capt. Lange Jacobs and Senior Fire Inspector Jay Sumner load generators and other supplies into fishing boats at Silver Palm Park that they used to deliver aid to the Bahamas after Hurricane Dorian ravaged the islands. Sumner is president of the Boca Raton Firefighter and Paramedic Benevolent Fund group that organized the efforts. Photo provided

Raising money

Sophia Nicholas and Sivan Morag, along with their mothers, other relatives and friends, raised $325 in just two hours at their lemonade stand on Swinton Avenue in Delray Beach to help people in need in the Bahamas following Hurricane Dorian. The girls, both first-graders at Unity School, were taking part in a school-wide recovery effort. Sivan’s mother, Aura, said, “This summer we took her for the first time to the Bahamas for a summer vacation, we stayed at the Atlantis resort and she was fascinated about the island and their sea animals. When she saw the news and pictures of the devastation of Hurricane Dorian she said, ‘OK, mom, now is time for my lemonade stand.’ She was asking to do a lemonade stand at our house before and I told her we will do it for a good cause. ” Jerry Lower/The Coastal Star